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Handley Page Type O
The Handley Page Type O was an early biplane bomber used by Britain during the First World War. At the time, it was the largest aircraft that had been built in the UK and one of the largest in the world. It was built in two major versions, the Handley Page O/100 (H.P.11) and Handley Page O/400 (H.P.12).
The impression made by the Type O was such that for many years after the war, any large aircraft came to be called a "Handley Page" in Britain and entered the dictionary as such.〔
==Design==
The design of the series of aircraft began shortly after the outbreak of the First World War as a result of meetings between the Royal Navy's Director of the Air Department, Captain Murray Sueter and Frederick Handley Page. Sueter requested "a bloody paralyser of an aircraft" for long-range bombing.〔Thetford 1991, p.230.〕〔Bruce ''Flight'' 27 February 1953, p.254.〕 The phrase had originated from Commander Charles Rumney Samson who had returned from the front.〔''Flight'' 9 November 1961, p.722.〕 Coastal patrol adaptations of the unbuilt Handley Page L/200, M/200 and MS/200 were initially discussed but Sueter's technical advisor Harris Booth favoured a large seaplane for coastal patrol and dockyard defence, that would also be capable of bombing the German High Seas Fleet at its base in Kiel: a prototype (AD Seaplane Type 1000) had already been commissioned from J Samuel White & Co. of Cowes.〔Barnes 1987 p.74〕 Handley Page suggested building a landplane of similar size and a specification was drawn up around his suggestions: this was formally issued on 28 December 1914 as the basis of an order for four prototypes. It called for a large biplane—that would fit in a shed and so needing folding-wings—to be powered by two Sunbeam engines to carry six bombs and with armour plating to protect crew and engines from rifle-fire from the ground.〔("The Birth of the Big Aeroplane" ) ''Flight'', 9 November 1961 p722〕 The crew of two were to be enclosed in a glazed cockpit and the only defensive armament planned was a rifle to be fired by the observer/engineer. The designation O/100 came from the aircraft's proposed wingspan prefixed by an 'O', since Handley Page gave their types alphabetical type letters.〔 The outline design was approved on 4 February 1915, with Rolls-Royce Eagle engines, and on 9 February, the contract was amended to include a further eight aircraft.
The O/100 was an unequal-span three-bay biplane with the overhanging part of the upper wing braced by kingposts, with a rectangular section fuselage and a biplane tail, with twin balanced rudders mounted between the horizontal surfaces. Balanced ailerons were fitted to the upper wing only and extended beyond the wing trailing edge. The engines drove four-bladed propellers, rotating in opposite directions to avoid torque effects and were enclosed in armoured nacelles mounted between the wings on tubular steel struts. The nacelles had a long tapered fairing to reduce drag; to clear the wing rigging wires when the wings were folded, the rear portion of the fairings were hinged to fold inward. Construction of the fuselage and flying surfaces was primarily of spruce, with much reduction in weight by extensive use of hollow section members.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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